In 1943, when Italy broke out with Germany, Kefalonia was one of the largest Italian divisions, Acqui, consisting of 12,000 soldiers. Although in most other regions the Italian troops surrendered their arms and were captured, the small German force that originally came to Kefalonia (about 400 men) was confused as to whether the division had to be surrendered or fought.

On the 14th of September, it was finally decided that the division would fight with the Germans, with Greek resistance alongside it. The Germans sent aids and started the merciless bombings until September 21, when the Germans performed the Italians in groups wherever they met. The total number of deaths was 9500, the number one of which was the largest storm massacre during the Second World War.

Of the survivors, Captain Amos Pampaloni, resorted to the mountains and was surrounded by ELAS (Greek People’s Liberation Army/ read as Ellinik?s La?k?s Apeleftherotik?s Strat?s). The novel “Captain Corelli’s Mandolin” by the English writer Luis De Berniere(which was also a film made on the island in 2000 with director John Madden starring Nicholas Cage and Pennello Cruz.) was based on the life of Amos Pampaloni.

The initiative to build a monument for the victims of the Acqui division belonged to the Italian authorities, which took the cost and found the Greek one. The unveiling took place in 1978, and in September every year there is a memorial ceremony and the deposition of wreaths, in the presence of many Italian officials.

From the monument begins a dirt road that reaches the top of the hill of Agios Athanasios above Argostoli, at a point with a very open view both towards Argostoli and the sea, a huge wooden cross, called Telegraph, was built between 1845-50 , which was later replaced by a metal structure. It was a watchtower from which ships were monitored and local authorities were notified of the imminent arrival of ships with a flagship system. Next to Telegraph, there was also a building for the guardian of the Telegraph. Telegraph was abandoned during the Second World War and was demolished by the earthquakes of 1953, and today there are only ruins. However, it is a nice walk that compensates for its wonderful view.